The Saudi Dental Journal RSS feed: Current Issue. The Saudi Dental Journal is an English language, peer-reviewed scholarly publication in the area of dentistry. The Saudi Dental Journal publishes original research and reviews on, but not limited to: • dental disease • clinical trials • dental equipment • new and experimental techniques • epidemiology and oral health • restorative dentistry • periodontology • endodontology • prosthodontics • paediatric dentistry • orthodontics and dental education The Saudi Dental Journal is the official publication of the Saudi Dental Society and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The Saudi Dental Journal1013-9052223July 2010 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000490/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S1013-9052(10)00049-0The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9IFCIFChttp://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000386/abstract?rss=yesBisphosphonates are used widely in the management of bone diseases including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and hypercalcemia related to malignancy. Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption, and therefore contribute to an increase in bone mineral density. They have also been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and inhibit angiogenesis. These added features have made bisphosphonates useful in the management of bone metastases. Several clinical trials have shown that bisphosphonates reduce skeletal tumor burden in patients with multiple myeloma, breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to an increase in the use of bisphosphonates in the management of metastatic disease.“Booby-Trap” – Dental implants at baySukumaran Anil10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.03.001The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Editorial99100http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000398/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Congenital double lip is a rare developmental anomaly which usually involves the upper lip more than the lower lip. It may occur in isolation or as a part of Ascher’s syndrome. Sometimes upper and lower double lips occur simultaneously.The occurrence of double lip may result in facial deformity especially when the patient attempts to talk, smile or even show the teeth. It may also interfere with speech or mastication. Although surgery may be undertaken to facilitate speech and mastication, the majority of cases are operated for cosmetic reasons.A case of congenital double upper lip, which was surgically treated after orthodontic treatment, for cosmetic reasons, is reported. The different surgical approaches to the management of double upper lip are reviewed with a note on timing of surgery in patients who have concurrent orthodontic or prosthodontic problems.Although the majority of cases of double lip are treated by Plastic Surgeons and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, it is important to make dentists aware of this condition since they may be the first clinicians to encounter patients with this abnormality.Congenital double upper lip: A case report and review of the literatureJohn Spencer M. Daniels10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.001The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Review article101106http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000404/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Objectives: This study aimed to assess the bi-axial flexural strength of two dual-polymerizing resin luting agents cemented to human dentin when photo-activated with different light-curing units.Materials and methods: Two dual-cured resin cements: choice (CH) and Variolink II (VL) were tested. Hybrid composite resin (Z-250) discs (12×1.5mm) were fabricated. Three types of light-curing units were used halogen-curing unit (QTH), light-emitting diode (LED) and plasma arc (PAC). Sixty dentin discs of 0.5mm thickness were prepared from extracted human teeth. A circular mold (2.5mm in height and 12mm diameter) was utilized to create supporting structure for dentin, resin cement complex. The resin luting cement (0.5mm) was placed on the previously prepared dentin discs and covered with the prefabricated composite discs. Photo-activation of cements was performed for 40s with QTH and LED units and for 3s with PAC. The specimens were divided into 12 groups (20 specimens for each light source). Six groups were kept in distilled water for 24h and the rest were stored for 6weeks. Bi-axial flexural strength was determined using Instron machine. The data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test for comparison.Results: The findings indicated that the bi-axial flexural strength values for both cements CH and VL were higher for 24h over 6weeks but not statistically significant when cured with QTH. Meanwhile, when LED light was used for photo-activation the cements, the flexural strength values reported were statistically higher of 24h over 6weeks storage at P=0.4E−6 However, PAC light did not record any statistically significant difference between two duration for the CH cement although when used for polymerization of VL the reported value for 6weeks were statistically significantly higher value than 24h duration at P=0.002.Conclusion: When high immediate flexural strength is preferred in clinical situation photo-activation the cements with LED reported the greatest value.Bi-axial flexural strength of dual-polymerizing agents cemented to human dentin after photo-activation with different light-curing systemsNadia Malek A. Taher10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.002The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles107112http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000416/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practice and depth of knowledge of root canal treatment by general dental practitioners working in private dental centers in different cities within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 general dental practitioners. Completed questionnaires were analyzed in term of simple summary statistics. A total of 252 (63%) practitioners responded. The majority of the respondents were Syrians (59%) and Egyptians (32%). Ninety-one per cent of the respondents indicated that they performed root canal treatment. Amongst those who carried out root canal treatment, only seven practitioners (3%) used rubber dam for isolation. More than half of the respondents (55%) used saline to irrigate canals during treatment. Forty-six per cent of practitioners used formocresol as an inter appointment medicament. The standardized and step-back preparation techniques were the method of choice for the majority of the respondents (91%). Ninety-seven per cent of the practitioners used stainless steel hand instruments to prepare root canals and the majority (92%) used gutta-percha for obturation. Seventy-four per cent of the respondent used cold lateral condensation. The average number of radiographs routinely taken for root canal treatment was four. Ninety-three per cent indicated that they usually completed a root canal treatment of molar teeth in three or more visits. Eighty-eight per cent of the practitioners preferred waiting for 1 or 2weeks to restore the teeth permanently. Results of this study confirm that many general dental practitioners are not following quality guidelines for endodontic treatment.A survey of root canal treatment of molar teeth by general dental practitioners in private practice in Saudi ArabiaKhalid S. Al-Fouzan10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.003The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles113117http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000428/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Aim: The objective of this in vitro was to assess the sealing ability of MTA, Geristore®, and amalgam with and without Bioglass as a matrix used to repair furcation perforations in mandibular molars by using dye penetration.Materials and methods: One hundred mandibular molars were randomly divided into six experimental groups. Five teeth with perforation were used as positive control while five teeth without perforation were used as negative control group. Furcal perforations were made in the teeth. Perforations were repaired with amalgam in group 1, amalgam and Bioglass in group 2, MTA in group 3, MTA and Bioglass in group 4, Geristore® in group 5, and Geristore® and Bioglass in group 6. All repairing materials were allowed to set for 72h. Leakage at the repaired sites was then evaluated using dye penetration and clearing technique under stereomicroscope.Results: The perforations repaired with MTA and Geristore® leaked significantly less than amalgam (p=0.000). Bioglass reduced sealing ability of MTA and Geristore® significantly (p=0.000, p=0.019), while reduced the sealing ability of amalgam insignificantly (p=0.78).Conclusion: MTA and Geristore® have shown acceptable sealing ability in furcal perforation in comparison to amalgam while Bioglass as a matrix beneath them has reduced their sealing ability.The comparison of MTA, Geristore® and Amalgam with or without Bioglass as a matrix in sealing the furcal perforations (in vitro study)Payman Mehrvarzfar, Afsaneh Dahi-Taleghani, Mohammad Ali Saghiri, Kasra Karamifar, Behnam Shababi, Ali Behnia10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.004The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles119124http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS101390521000043X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Objective: The success of removable partial dentures (RPDs) is partly dependent on patients’ acceptance and compliance in using them. The purpose of this study was to describe the usage of removable partial dentures (RPDs) by patients 1year after insertion and to evaluate the factors that influence their denture usage.Methods: Forty-seven patients who received 75 new RPDs at the undergraduate clinic of College of Dentistry, King Saud University, were contacted by telephone 1year later for an interview. The questions covered denture usage, patient’s satisfaction and reasons for non-use.Results: Results showed that 36% of patients discarded or occasionally used their RPDs. There was no significant association between denture usage and RPD experience, location or Kennedy classification. A significantly more RPD rejection was found when it was opposed by natural teeth or complete denture. The most quoted reason for RPD rejection was pain and discomfort.Conclusion: Despite the short follow-up period, RPDs were poorly accepted by patients treated by undergraduate students.Usage of removable partial dentures in Saudi male patients after 1year telephone interviewRiyadh Akeel10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.005The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles125128http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000441/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the key enzymes responsible for matrix degradation, are derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the early stages of periodontitis. The aim of this study was planned to determine the levels of GCF (gingival crevicular fluid) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) patients with periodontitis and in healthy controls. Levels of crevicular MMP-8 and -9 were determined by ELISA in subjects with healthy without any periodontal disease (n=10) and periodontitis (n=10). Significantly higher crevicular MMP-8 and -9 were observed in cases of periodontitis compared to healthy adults. Crevicular MMP-8 and -9 may serve as biomarkers of periodontal disease and aid in early detection of periodontitis.Levels of gingival crevicular metalloproteinases-8 and -9 in periodontitisBalwant Rai, Jasdeep Kaur, Rajnish Jain, Suresh C. Anand10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.006The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles129131http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000453/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to establish hard tissue cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery for a sample of Saudi adults.Materials and methods: Sixty-two lateral cephalometric radiographs for 31 females and 31 males, age range of 22–24years, were analysed. The mean values of the hard and dental measurements were compared with those of European-American adults using Burstone analysis, as well as comparison between Saudi males and females.Results: Saudi males had an increased cranial base length, the mandible lied more posterior to maxilla, increased mandibular plane angle and backward rotation of the mandible with less prominent chin, shorter maxillary length, and also less proclination of lower incisors compared to those of European Americans. Saudi females had similar cranial base length and shorter maxillary length than European Americans. In both gender; lower anterior and posterior dental heights were smaller when compared with the European-Americans’ values. A significant difference between Saudi males and females was found. Saudi males showed longer cranial base length, larger vertical skeletal proportion, increased dental values, longer maxillary and mandibular length than the female group.Conclusion: This study may be useful in providing racially specific cephalometric norms for diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery for a sample of Saudi adults.Orthognathic surgical norms for a sample of Saudi adults: Hard tissue measurementsSahar F. AlBarakati, Laila F. Baidas10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.007The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Original articles133139http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000465/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: A case of unusual presentation of foreign body in the floor of mouth is reported. The patient presented with a history and clinical findings of sublingual ranula. Marsupialisation and sublingual sialadenectomy was planned. After marsupialisation, a foreign body (spray cover) was found between the lumen of the submandibular duct and the ranula.A foreign body in the floor of the mouthEhab Shehata, Kholoud Moussa, Abdullah Al-Gorashi10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.008The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Case reports141143http://www.saudidentaljournal.com/article/PIIS1013905210000477/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Compound odontoma is stated to be a hamartomatous lesion rather than a true odontogenic tumour. It has an unknown etiology and often suspected when there are retained deciduous teeth in children. Early detection and surgical enucleation of the tumour is recommended to prevent impaction of unerupted teeth. In this index case, multiple denticles or rudimentary teeth, numbering 37 were enucleated from the maxillary anterior region of a 17-year old male, which makes this case unusual. Evidence of concrescence, fusion and dilaceration were observed in the denticles enucleated, the size of which varied from 4mm to 12.5mm.Compound composite odontoma with unusual number of denticles – A rare entityUrvashi Sharma, Rahul Sharma, Anubha Gulati, Renu Yadav, Krishan Gauba10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.009The Saudi Dental Journal 22, 3 (2010)2010-07-01The Saudi Dental Journal2010-07-01223S1013-9052(10)X0004-9Case reports145149